Log message:
git: updated to 2.44.0

Git v2.44 Release Notes
=======================

Backward Compatibility Notes

 * "git checkout -B <branch>" used to allow switching to a \ 
branch that
   is in use on another worktree, but this was by mistake.  The users
   need to use "--ignore-other-worktrees" option.

UI, Workflows & Features

 * "git add" and "git stash" learned to support the \ 
":(attr:...)"
   magic pathspec.

 * "git rebase --autosquash" is now enabled for non-interactive rebase,
   but it is still incompatible with the apply backend.

 * Introduce "git replay", a tool meant on the server side without
   working tree to recreate a history.

 * "git merge-file" learned to take the "--diff-algorithm" \ 
option to
   use algorithm different from the default "myers" diff.

 * Command line completion (in contrib/) learned to complete path
   arguments to the "add/set" subcommands of "git \ 
sparse-checkout"
   better.

 * "git checkout -B <branch> [<start-point>]" allowed a \ 
branch that is
   in use in another worktree to be updated and checked out, which
   might be a bit unexpected.  The rule has been tightened, which is a
   breaking change.  "--ignore-other-worktrees" option is required to
   unbreak you, if you are used to the current behaviour that "-B"
   overrides the safety.

 * The builtin_objectmode attribute is populated for each path
   without adding anything in .gitattributes files, which would be
   useful in magic pathspec, e.g., ":(attr:builtin_objectmode=100755)"
   to limit to executables.

 * "git fetch" learned to pay attention to "fetch.all" \ 
configuration
   variable, which pretends as if "--all" was passed from the command
   line when no remote parameter was given.

 * In addition to (rather cryptic) Security Identifiers, show username
   and domain in the error message when we barf on mismatch between
   the Git directory and the current user on Windows.

 * The error message given when "git branch -d branch" fails due to
   commits unique to the branch has been split into an error and a new
   conditional advice message.

 * When given an existing but unreadable file as a configuration file,
   gitweb behaved as if the file did not exist at all, but now it
   errors out.  This is a change that may break backward compatibility.

 * When $HOME/.gitconfig is missing but XDG config file is available, we
   should write into the latter, not former.  "git gc" and "git
   maintenance" wrote into a wrong "global config" file, which have
   been corrected.

 * Define "special ref" as a very narrow set that consists of
   FETCH_HEAD and MERGE_HEAD, and clarify everything else that used to
   be classified as such are actually just pseudorefs.

 * All conditional "advice" messages show how to turn them off, which
   becomes repetitive.  Setting advice.* configuration explicitly on
   now omits the instruction part.

 * The "disable repository discovery of a bare repository" check,
   triggered by setting safe.bareRepository configuration variable to
   'explicit', has been loosened to exclude the ".git/" directory inside
   a non-bare repository from the check.  So you can do "cd .git &&
   git cmd" to run a Git command that works on a bare repository without
   explicitly specifying $GIT_DIR now.

 * The completion script (in contrib/) learned more options that can
   be used with "git log".

 * The labels on conflict markers for the common ancestor, our version,
   and the other version are available to custom 3-way merge driver
   via %S, %X, and %Y placeholders.

 * The write codepath for the reftable data learned to honor
   core.fsync configuration.

 * The "--fsck-objects" option of "git index-pack" now can \ 
take the
   optional parameter to tweak severity of different fsck errors.

 * The wincred credential backend has been taught to support oauth
   refresh token the same way as credential-cache and
   credential-libsecret backends.

 * Command line completion support (in contrib/) has been
   updated for "git bisect".

 * "git branch" and friends learned to use the formatted text as
   sorting key, not the underlying timestamp value, when the --sort
   option is used with author or committer timestamp with a format
   specifier (e.g., "--sort=creatordate:format:%H:%M:%S").

 * The command line completion script (in contrib/) learned to
   complete configuration variable names better.

Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.

 * Process to add some form of low-level unit tests has started.

 * Add support for GitLab CI.

 * "git for-each-ref --no-sort" still sorted the refs alphabetically
   which paid non-trivial cost.  It has been redefined to show output
   in an unspecified order, to allow certain optimizations to take
   advantage of.

 * Simplify API implementation to delete references by eliminating
   duplication.

 * Subject approxidate() and show_date() machinery to OSS-Fuzz.

 * A new helper to let us pretend that we called lstat() when we know
   our cache_entry is up-to-date via fsmonitor.

 * The optimization based on fsmonitor in the "diff --cached"
   codepath is resurrected with the "fake-lstat" introduced earlier.

 * Test balloon to use C99 "bool" type from <stdbool.h> has been
   added.

 * "git clone" has been prepared to allow cloning a repository with
   non-default hash function into a repository that uses the reftable
   backend.

 * Streaming spans of packfile data used to be done only from a
   single, primary, pack in a repository with multiple packfiles.  It
   has been extended to allow reuse from other packfiles, too.

 * Comment updates to help developers not to attempt to modify
   messages from plumbing commands that must stay constant.

   It might make sense to reassess the plumbing needs every few years,
   but that should be done as a separate effort.

 * Move test-ctype helper to the unit-test framework.

 * Instead of manually creating refs/ hierarchy on disk upon a
   creation of a secondary worktree, which is only usable via the
   files backend, use the refs API to populate it.

 * CI for GitLab learned to drive macOS jobs.

 * A few tests to "git commit -o <pathspec>" and "git commit -i
   <pathspec>" has been added.

 * Tests on ref API are moved around to prepare for reftable.

 * The Makefile often had to say "-L$(path) -R$(path)" that repeats
   the path to the same library directory for link time and runtime.
   A Makefile template is used to reduce such repetition.

 * The priority queue test has been migrated to the unit testing
   framework.

 * Setting `feature.experimental` opts the user into multi-pack reuse
   experiment

 * Squelch node.js 16 deprecation warnings from GitHub Actions CI
   by updating actions/github-script and actions/checkout that use
   node.js 20.

 * The mechanism to report the filename in the source code, used by
   the unit-test machinery, assumed that the compiler expanded __FILE__
   to the path to the source given to the $(CC), but some compilers
   give full path, breaking the output.  This has been corrected.

Fixes since v2.43
-----------------

 * The way CI testing used "prove" could lead to running the test
   suite twice needlessly, which has been corrected.

 * Update ref-related tests.

 * "git format-patch --encode-email-headers" ignored the option when
   preparing the cover letter, which has been corrected.

 * Newer versions of Getopt::Long started giving warnings against our
   (ab)use of it in "git send-email".  Bump the minimum version
   requirement for Perl to 5.8.1 (from September 2002) to allow
   simplifying our implementation.

 * Earlier we stopped relying on commit-graph that (still) records
   information about commits that are lost from the object store,
   which has negative performance implications.  The default has been
   flipped to disable this pessimization.

 * Stale URLs have been updated to their current counterparts (or
   archive.org) and HTTP links are replaced with working HTTPS links.

 * trace2 streams used to record the URLs that potentially embed
   authentication material, which has been corrected.

 * The sample pre-commit hook that tries to catch introduction of new
   paths that use potentially non-portable characters did not notice
   an existing path getting renamed to such a problematic path, when
   rename detection was enabled.

 * The command line parser for the "log" family of commands was too
   loose when parsing certain numbers, e.g., silently ignoring the
   extra 'q' in "git log -n 1q" without complaining, which has been
   tightened up.

 * "git $cmd --end-of-options --rev -- --path" for some $cmd failed
   to interpret "--rev" as a rev, and "--path" as a path.  \ 
This was
   fixed for many programs like "reset" and "checkout".

 * "git bisect reset" has been taught to clean up state files and refs
   even when BISECT_START file is gone.

 * Some codepaths did not correctly parse configuration variables
   specified with valueless "true", which has been corrected.

 * Code clean-up for sanity checking of command line options for "git
   show-ref".

 * The code to parse the From e-mail header has been updated to avoid
   recursion.

 * "git fetch --atomic" issued an unnecessary empty error message,
   which has been corrected.

 * Command line completion script (in contrib/) learned to work better
   with the reftable backend.

 * "git status" is taught to show both the branch being bisected and
   being rebased when both are in effect at the same time.

 * "git archive --list extra garbage" silently ignored excess command
   line parameters, which has been corrected.

 * "git sparse-checkout set" added default patterns even when the
   patterns are being fed from the standard input, which has been
   corrected.

 * "git sparse-checkout (add|set) --[no-]cone --end-of-options" did
   not handle "--end-of-options" correctly after a recent update.

 * Unlike other environment variables that took the usual
   true/false/yes/no as well as 0/1, GIT_FLUSH only understood 0/1,
   which has been corrected.

 * Clearing in-core repository (happens during e.g., "git fetch
   --recurse-submodules" with commit graph enabled) made in-core
   commit object in an inconsistent state by discarding the necessary
   data from commit-graph too early, which has been corrected.

 * Update to a new feature recently added, "git show-ref --exists".

 * oss-fuzz tests are built and run in CI.
   (merge c4a9cf1df3 js/oss-fuzz-build-in-ci later to maint).

 * Rename detection logic ignored the final line of a file if it is an
   incomplete line.

 * GitHub CI update.
   (merge 0188b2c8e0 pb/ci-github-skip-logs-for-broken-tests later to maint).

 * "git diff --no-rename A B" did not disable rename detection but did
   not trigger an error from the command line parser.

 * "git archive --remote=<remote>" learned to talk over the smart
   http (aka stateless) transport.
   (merge 176cd68634 jx/remote-archive-over-smart-http later to maint).

 * Fetching via protocol v0 over Smart HTTP transport sometimes failed
   to correctly auto-follow tags.
   (merge fba732c462 jk/fetch-auto-tag-following-fix later to maint).

 * The documentation for the --exclude-per-directory option marked it
   as deprecated, which confused readers into thinking there may be a
   plan to remove it in the future, which was not our intention.
   (merge 0009542cab jc/ls-files-doc-update later to maint).

 * "git diff --no-index file1 file2" segfaulted while invoking the
   external diff driver, which has been corrected.

 * Rewrite //-comments to /* comments */ in files whose comments
   prevalently use the latter.

 * Cirrus CI jobs started breaking because we specified version of
   FreeBSD that is no longer available, which has been corrected.
   (merge 81fffb66d3 cb/use-freebsd-13-2-at-cirrus-ci later to maint).

 * A caller called index_file_exists() that takes a string expressed
   as <ptr, length> with a wrong length, which has been corrected.
   (merge 156e28b36d jh/sparse-index-expand-to-path-fix later to maint).

 * A failed "git tag -s" did not necessarily result in an error
   depending on the crypto backend, which has been corrected.

 * "git stash" sometimes was silent even when it failed due to
   unwritable index file, which has been corrected.

 * "git show-ref --verify" did not show things like \ 
"CHERRY_PICK_HEAD",
   which has been corrected.

 * Recent conversion to allow more than 0/1 in GIT_FLUSH broke the
   mechanism by flipping what yes/no means by mistake, which has been
   corrected.

 * The sequencer machinery does not use the ref API and instead
   records names of certain objects it needs for its correct operation
   in temporary files, which makes these objects susceptible to loss
   by garbage collection.  These temporary files have been added as
   starting points for reachability analysis to fix this.
   (merge bc7f5db896 pw/gc-during-rebase later to maint).

 * "git cherry-pick" invoked during "git rebase -i" session lost
   the authorship information, which has been corrected.
   (merge e4301f73ff vn/rebase-with-cherry-pick-authorship later to maint).

 * The code paths that call repo_read_object_file() have been
   tightened to react to errors.
   (merge 568459bf5e js/check-null-from-read-object-file later to maint).

 * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
   (merge 5aea3955bc rj/clarify-branch-doc-m later to maint).
   (merge 9cce3be2df bk/bisect-doc-fix later to maint).
   (merge 8430b438f6 vd/fsck-submodule-url-test later to maint).
   (merge 3cb4384683 jc/t0091-with-unknown-git later to maint).
   (merge 020456cb74 rs/receive-pack-remove-find-header later to maint).
   (merge bc47139f4f la/trailer-cleanups later to maint).

Log message:
git: updated to 2.43.2

Git 2.43.2 Release Notes
========================

Relative to Git 2.43.1, this release has two important fixes to allow
"git imap-send" to be built with NO_CURL defined, and to restore the
forced flushing behaviour when GIT_FLUSH=1 is set.  It also contains
other, unexciting, fixes that have already been merged to the 'master'
branch of the development towards the next major release.

Fixes since Git 2.43.1
----------------------

 * Update to a new feature recently added, "git show-ref --exists".

 * Rename detection logic ignored the final line of a file if it is an
   incomplete line.

 * "git diff --no-rename A B" did not disable rename detection but did
   not trigger an error from the command line parser.

 * "git diff --no-index file1 file2" segfaulted while invoking the
   external diff driver, which has been corrected.

 * Rewrite //-comments to /* comments */ in files whose comments
   prevalently use the latter.

 * A failed "git tag -s" did not necessarily result in an error
   depending on the crypto backend, which has been corrected.

 * "git stash" sometimes was silent even when it failed due to
   unwritable index file, which has been corrected.

 * Recent conversion to allow more than 0/1 in GIT_FLUSH broke the
   mechanism by flipping what yes/no means by mistake, which has been
   corrected.

Also contains documentation updates, code clean-ups and minor fixups.

Log message:
git: updated to 2.43.1

Git 2.43.1 Release Notes
========================

There is nothing exciting to see here.  Relative to Git 2.43, this
release contains the fixes that have already been merged to the
'master' branch of the development towards the next major release.

Fixes since Git 2.43.0
----------------------

 * The way CI testing used "prove" could lead to running the test
   suite twice needlessly, which has been corrected.

 * Newer versions of Getopt::Long started giving warnings against our
   (ab)use of it in "git send-email".  Bump the minimum version
   requirement for Perl to 5.8.1 (from September 2002) to allow
   simplifying our implementation.

 * Earlier we stopped relying on commit-graph that (still) records
   information about commits that are lost from the object store,
   which has negative performance implications.  The default has been
   flipped to disable this pessimization.

 * Stale URLs have been updated to their current counterparts (or
   archive.org) and HTTP links are replaced with working HTTPS links.

 * trace2 streams used to record the URLs that potentially embed
   authentication material, which has been corrected.

 * The sample pre-commit hook that tries to catch introduction of new
   paths that use potentially non-portable characters did not notice
   an existing path getting renamed to such a problematic path, when
   rename detection was enabled.

 * The command line parser for the "log" family of commands was too
   loose when parsing certain numbers, e.g., silently ignoring the
   extra 'q' in "git log -n 1q" without complaining, which has been
   tightened up.

 * "git $cmd --end-of-options --rev -- --path" for some $cmd failed
   to interpret "--rev" as a rev, and "--path" as a path.  \ 
This was
   fixed for many programs like "reset" and "checkout".

 * "git bisect reset" has been taught to clean up state files and refs
   even when BISECT_START file is gone.

 * Some codepaths did not correctly parse configuration variables
   specified with valueless "true", which has been corrected.

 * Code clean-up for sanity checking of command line options for "git
   show-ref".

 * The code to parse the From e-mail header has been updated to avoid
   recursion.

 * "git fetch --atomic" issued an unnecessary empty error message,
   which has been corrected.

 * Command line completion script (in contrib/) learned to work better
   with the reftable backend.

 * "git status" is taught to show both the branch being bisected and
   being rebased when both are in effect at the same time.
   cf. <xmqqil76kyov.fsf@gitster.g>

 * "git archive --list extra garbage" silently ignored excess command
   line parameters, which has been corrected.

 * "git sparse-checkout set" added default patterns even when the
   patterns are being fed from the standard input, which has been
   corrected.

 * Unlike other environment variables that took the usual
   true/false/yes/no as well as 0/1, GIT_FLUSH only understood 0/1,
   which has been corrected.

 * Clearing in-core repository (happens during e.g., "git fetch
   --recurse-submodules" with commit graph enabled) made in-core
   commit object in an inconsistent state by discarding the necessary
   data from commit-graph too early, which has been corrected.

Also contains various documentation updates, code clean-ups and minor fixups.

Log message:
git: updated to 2.43.0

Git v2.43 Release Notes
=======================

Backward Compatibility Notes

 * The "--rfc" option of "git format-patch" used to be a \ 
valid way to
   override an earlier "--subject-prefix=<something>" on the command
   line and replace it with "[RFC PATCH]", but from this release, it
   merely prefixes the string "RFC " in front of the given subject
   prefix.  If you are negatively affected by this change, please use
   "--subject-prefix=PATCH --rfc" as a replacement.

 * In Git 2.42, "git rev-list --stdin" learned to take non-revisions
   (like "--not") from the standard input, but the way such a \ 
"--not" was
   handled was quite confusing, which has been rethought.  The updated
   rule is that "--not" given from the command line only affects revs
   given from the command line that comes but not revs read from the
   standard input, and "--not" read from the standard input affects
   revs given from the standard input and not revs given from the
   command line.

UI, Workflows & Features

 * A message written in olden time prevented a branch from getting
   checked out, saying it is already checked out elsewhere. But these
   days, we treat a branch that is being bisected or rebased just like
   a branch that is checked out and protect it from getting modified
   with the same codepath.  The message has been rephrased to say that
   the branch is "in use" to avoid confusion.

 * Hourly and other schedules of "git maintenance" jobs are randomly
   distributed now.

 * "git cmd -h" learned to signal which options can be negated by
   listing such options like "--[no-]opt".

 * The way authentication related data other than passwords (e.g.,
   oauth token and password expiration data) are stored in libsecret
   keyrings has been rethought.

 * Update the libsecret and wincred credential helpers to correctly
   match which credential to erase; they erased the wrong entry in
   some cases.

 * Git GUI updates.

 * "git format-patch" learned a new "--description-file" \ 
option that
   lets cover letter description to be fed; this can be used on
   detached HEAD where there is no branch description available, and
   also can override the branch description if there is one.

 * Use of the "--max-pack-size" option to allow multiple packfiles to
   be created is now supported even when we are sending unreachable
   objects to cruft packs.

 * "git format-patch --rfc --subject-prefix=<foo>" used to ignore the
   "--subject-prefix" option and used "[RFC PATCH]"; now we \ 
will add
   "RFC" prefix to whatever subject prefix is specified.

 * "git log --format" has been taught the %(decorate) placeholder for
   further customization over what the "--decorate" option offers.

 * The default log message created by "git revert", when reverting a
   commit that records a revert, has been tweaked, to encourage people
   to describe complex "revert of revert of revert" situations better in
   their own words.

 * The command-line completion support (in contrib/) learned to
   complete "git commit --trailer=" for possible trailer keys.

 * "git update-index" learned the "--show-index-version" \ 
option to
   inspect the index format version used by the on-disk index file.

 * "git diff" learned the "diff.statNameWidth" configuration \ 
variable,
   to give the default width for the name part in the "--stat" output.

 * "git range-diff --notes=foo" compared "log --notes=foo \ 
--notes" of
   the two ranges, instead of using just the specified notes tree,
   which has been corrected to use only the specified notes tree.

 * The command line completion script (in contrib/) can be told to
   complete aliases by including ": git <cmd> ;" in the alias to tell
   it that the alias should be completed in a similar way to how "git
   <cmd>" is completed.  The parsing code for the alias has been
   loosened to allow ';' without an extra space before it.

 * "git for-each-ref" and friends learned to apply mailmap to
   authorname and other fields in a more flexible way than using
   separate placeholder letters like %a[eElL] every time we want to
   come up with small variants.

 * "git repack" machinery learned to pay attention to the \ 
"--filter="
   option.

 * "git repack" learned the "--max-cruft-size" option to \ 
prevent cruft
   packs from growing without bounds.

 * "git merge-tree" learned to take strategy backend specific options
   via the "-X" option, like "git merge" does.

 * "git log" and friends learned the "--dd" option that is a
   short-hand for "--diff-merges=first-parent -p".

 * The attribute subsystem learned to honor the "attr.tree"
   configuration variable that specifies which tree to read the
   .gitattributes files from.

 * "git merge-file" learns a mode to read three variants of the
   contents to be merged from blob objects.

Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.

 * "git check-attr" has been taught to work better with sparse-index.

 * It may be tempting to leave the help text NULL for a command line
   option that is either hidden or too obvious, but "git subcmd -h"
   and "git subcmd --help-all" would have segfaulted if done so.  Now
   the help text is truly optional.

 * Tests that are known to pass with LSan are now marked as such.

 * Flaky "git p4" tests, as well as "git svn" tests, are now \ 
skipped
   in the (rather expensive) sanitizer CI job.

 * Tests with LSan from time to time seem to emit harmless messages
   that make our tests unnecessarily flaky; we work around it by
   filtering the uninteresting output.

 * Unused parameters to functions are marked as such, and/or removed,
   in order to bring us closer to "-Wunused-parameter" clean.

 * The code to keep track of existing packs in the repository while
   repacking has been refactored.

 * The "streaming" interface used for bulk-checkin codepath has been
   narrowed to take only blob objects for now, with no real loss of
   functionality.

 * GitHub CI workflow has learned to trigger Coverity check.

 * Test coverage for trailers has been improved.

 * The code to iterate over loose references has been optimized to
   reduce the number of lstat() system calls.

 * The codepaths that read "chunk" formatted files have been corrected
   to pay attention to the chunk size and notice broken files.

 * Replace macos-12 used at GitHub CI with macos-13.
   (merge 682a868f67 js/ci-use-macos-13 later to maint).

Fixes since v2.42
-----------------

 * Overly long label names used in the sequencer machinery are now
   chopped to fit under filesystem limitation.

 * Scalar updates.

 * Tweak GitHub Actions CI so that pushing the same commit to multiple
   branch tips at the same time will not waste building and testing
   the same thing twice.

 * The commit-graph verification code that detects a mixture of zero and
   non-zero generation numbers has been updated.

 * "git diff -w --exit-code" with various options did not work
   correctly, which has been corrected.

 * The "transfer.unpackLimit" configuration variable ought to be used
   as a fallback, but overrode the more specific "fetch.unpackLimit"
   and "receive.unpackLimit" configuration variables by mistake, which
   has been corrected.

 * The use of API between two calls to require_clean_work_tree() from
   the sequencer code has been cleaned up for consistency.

 * "git diff --no-such-option" and other corner cases around the exit
   status of the "diff" command have been corrected.

 * "git for-each-ref --sort='contents:size'" sorted the refs according
   to size numerically, giving a ref that points at a blob twelve-byte
   (12) long before showing a blob hundred-byte (100) long, which has
   been corrected.

 * We now limit the depth of the tree objects and maximum length of
   pathnames recorded in tree objects.
   (merge 4d5693ba05 jk/tree-name-and-depth-limit later to maint).

 * Various fixes to the behavior of "rebase -i", when the command got
   interrupted by conflicting changes, have been made.

 * References from a description of the `--patch` option in various
   manual pages have been simplified and improved.

 * "git grep -e A --no-or -e B" is accepted, even though the negation
   of the "--or" option did not mean anything, which has been tightened.

 * The completion script (in contrib/) has been taught to treat the
   "-t" option to "git checkout" and "git switch" \ 
just like the
   "--track" option, to complete remote-tracking branches.

 * "git diff --no-index -R <(one) <(two)" did not work correctly,
   which has been corrected.

 * "git maintenance" timers' implementation has been updated, based on
   systemd timers, to work with WSL.

 * "git diff --cached" codepath did not fill the necessary stat
   information for a file when fsmonitor knows it is clean and ended
   up behaving as if it were not clean, which has been corrected.

 * How "alias.foo = : git cmd ; aliased-command-string" should be
   spelled with necessary whitespace around punctuation marks to work
   has been more clearly documented (but this will be moot with newer
   versions of Git where the parsing rules have been improved).

 * HTTP Header redaction code has been adjusted for a newer version of
   cURL library that shows its traces differently from earlier
   versions.

 * An error message given by "git send-email", when given a malformed
   address, did not show the offending address, which has been corrected.

 * UBSan options were not propagated through the test framework to git
   run via the httpd, unlike ASan options, which has been corrected.

 * "checkout --merge -- path" and "update-index --unresolve \ 
path" did
   not resurrect conflicted state that was resolved to remove path,
   but now they do.
   (merge 5bdedac3c7 jc/unresolve-removal later to maint).

 * The display width table for unicode characters has been updated for
   Unicode 15.1
   (merge 872976c37e bb/unicode-width-table-15 later to maint).

 * Update mailmap entry for Derrick.
   (merge 6e5457d8c7 ds/mailmap-entry-update later to maint).

 * In the ".gitmodules" files, submodules are keyed by their names,
   and the path to the submodule whose name is $name is specified by
   the submodule.$name.path variable.  There were a few codepaths that
   mixed the name and path up when consulting the submodule database,
   which have been corrected.  It took long for these bugs to be found
   as the name of a submodule initially is the same as its path, and
   the problem does not surface until it is moved to a different path,
   which apparently happens very rarely.

 * "git diff --merge-base X other args..." insisted that X must be a
   commit and errored out when given an annotated tag that peels to a
   commit, but we only need it to be a committish.  This has been
   corrected.
   (merge 4adceb5a29 ar/diff-index-merge-base-fix later to maint).

 * "git merge-tree" used to segfault when the "--attr-source"
   option is used, which has been corrected.
   (merge e95bafc52f jc/merge-ort-attr-index-fix later to maint).

 * Unlike "git log --pretty=%D", "git log \ 
--pretty="%(decorate)" did
   not auto-initialize the decoration subsystem, which has been
   corrected.

 * Feeding "git stash store" with a random commit that was not created
   by "git stash create" now errors out.
   (merge d9b6634589 jc/fail-stash-to-store-non-stash later to maint).

 * The index file has room only for the lower 32-bit of the file size in
   the cached stat information, which means cached stat information
   will have 0 in its sd_size member for a file whose size is a multiple
   of 4GiB.  This is mistaken for a racily clean path.  Avoid it by
   storing a bogus sd_size value instead for such files.
   (merge 5143ac07b1 bc/racy-4gb-files later to maint).

 * "git p4" tried to store symlinks to LFS when told, but has been
   fixed not to do so, because it does not make sense.
   (merge 10c89a02b0 mm/p4-symlink-with-lfs later to maint).

 * The codepath to handle recipient addresses `git send-email
   --compose` learns from the user was completely broken, which has
   been corrected.
   (merge 3ec6167567 jk/send-email-fix-addresses-from-composed-messages later to \ 
maint).

 * "cd sub && git grep -f patterns" tried to read \ 
"patterns" file at
   the top level of the working tree; it has been corrected to read
   "sub/patterns" instead.

 * "git reflog expire --single-worktree" has been broken for the past
   20 months or so, which has been corrected.

 * "git send-email" did not have certain pieces of data computed yet
   when it tried to validate the outgoing messages and its recipient
   addresses, which has been sorted out.

 * "git bugreport" learned to complain when it received a command line
   argument that it will not use.

 * The codepath to traverse the commit-graph learned to notice that a
   commit is missing (e.g., corrupt repository lost an object), even
   though it knows something about the commit (like its parents) from
   what is in commit-graph.
   (merge 7a5d604443 ps/do-not-trust-commit-graph-blindly-for-existence later to \ 
maint).

 * "git rev-list --missing" did not work for missing commit objects,
   which has been corrected.

 * "git rev-list --unpacked --objects" failed to exclude packed
   non-commit objects, which has been corrected.
   (merge 7b3c8e9f38 tb/rev-list-unpacked-fix later to maint).

 * "To dereference" and "to peel" were sometimes used in in-code
   comments and documentation but without description in the glossary.
   (merge 893dce2ffb vd/glossary-dereference-peel later to maint).

 * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
   (merge c2c349a15c xz/commit-title-soft-limit-doc later to maint).
   (merge 1bd809938a tb/format-pack-doc-update later to maint).
   (merge 8f81532599 an/clang-format-typofix later to maint).
   (merge 3ca86adc2d la/strvec-header-fix later to maint).
   (merge 6789275d37 jc/test-i18ngrep later to maint).
   (merge 9972cd6004 ps/leakfixes later to maint).
   (merge 46edab516b tz/send-email-helpfix later to maint).

Log message:
git: updated to 2.42.1

Git 2.42.1 Release Notes
========================

There is nothing exciting to see here.  Relative to Git 2.42, this
release contains the fixes that have already been merged to the
'master' branch of the development towards Git 2.43 that has been
tagged as Git 2.43.0-rc0.

Fixes since Git 2.42.0
----------------------

 * Tests that are known to pass with LSan are now marked as such.

 * Flaky "git p4" tests, as well as "git svn" tests, are now \ 
skipped
   in the (rather expensive) sanitizer CI job.

 * Tests with LSan from time to time seem to emit harmless message
   that makes our tests unnecessarily flaky; we work it around by
   filtering the uninteresting output.

 * GitHub CI workflow has learned to trigger Coverity check.

 * Overly long label names used in the sequencer machinery are now
   chopped to fit under filesystem limitation.

 * Scalar updates.

 * Tweak GitHub Actions CI so that pushing the same commit to multiple
   branch tips at the same time will not waste building and testing
   the same thing twice.

 * The commit-graph verification code that detects mixture of zero and
   non-zero generation numbers has been updated.

 * "git diff -w --exit-code" with various options did not work
   correctly, which is being addressed.

 * transfer.unpackLimit ought to be used as a fallback, but overrode
   fetch.unpackLimit and receive.unpackLimit instead.

 * The use of API between two calls to require_clean_work_tree() from
   the sequencer code has been cleaned up for consistency.

 * "git diff --no-such-option" and other corner cases around the exit
   status of the "diff" command has been corrected.

 * "git for-each-ref --sort='contents:size'" sorts the refs according
   to size numerically, giving a ref that points at a blob twelve-byte
   (12) long before showing a blob hundred-byte (100) long.

 * Various fixes to the behavior of "rebase -i" when the command got
   interrupted by conflicting changes.

 * References from description of the `--patch` option in various
   manual pages have been simplified and improved.

 * "git grep -e A --no-or -e B" is accepted, even though the negation
   of "or" did not mean anything, which has been tightened.

 * The completion script (in contrib/) has been taught to treat the
   "-t" option to "git checkout" and "git switch" \ 
just like the
   "--track" option, to complete remote-tracking branches.

 * "git diff --no-index -R <(one) <(two)" did not work correctly,
   which has been corrected.

 * Update "git maintenance" timers' implementation based on systemd
   timers to work with WSL.

 * "git diff --cached" codepath did not fill the necessary stat
   information for a file when fsmonitor knows it is clean and ended
   up behaving as if it is not clean, which has been corrected.

 * Clarify how "alias.foo = : git cmd ; aliased-command-string" should
   be spelled with necessary whitespaces around punctuation marks to
   work.

 * HTTP Header redaction code has been adjusted for a newer version of
   cURL library that shows its traces differently from earlier
   versions.

 * An error message given by "git send-email" when given a malformed
   address did not give correct information, which has been corrected.

 * UBSan options were not propagated through the test framework to git
   run via the httpd, unlike ASan options, which has been corrected.

Also contains various documentation updates, code clean-ups and minor fixups.

Log message:
git: updated to 2.42.0

Git v2.42 Release Notes
=======================

UI, Workflows & Features

 * "git pack-refs" learns "--include" and \ 
"--exclude" to tweak the ref
   hierarchy to be packed using pattern matching.

 * 'git worktree add' learned how to create a worktree based on an
   orphaned branch with `--orphan`.

 * "git pack-objects" learned to invoke a new hook program that
   enumerates extra objects to be used as anchoring points to keep
   otherwise unreachable objects in cruft packs.

 * Add more "git var" for toolsmiths to learn various locations Git is
   configured with either via the configuration or hard-coded defaults.

 * 'git notes append' was taught '--separator' to specify string to insert
   between paragraphs.

 * The "git for-each-ref" family of commands learned placeholders
   related to GPG signature verification.

 * "git diff --no-index" learned to read from named pipes as if they
   were regular files, to allow "git diff <(process) <(substitution)"
   some shells support.

 * Help newbies by suggesting that there are cases where force-pushing
   is a valid and sensible thing to update a branch at a remote
   repository, rather than reconciling with merge/rebase.

 * "git blame --contents=file" has been taught to work in a bare
   repository.

 * "git branch -f X" to repoint the branch X said that X was "checked
   out" in another worktree, even when branch X was not and instead
   being bisected or rebased.  The message was reworded to say the
   branch was "in use".

 * Tone down the warning on SHA-256 repositories being an experimental
   curiosity.  We do not have support for them to interoperate with
   traditional SHA-1 repositories, but at this point, we do not plan
   to make breaking changes to SHA-256 repositories and there is no
   longer need for such a strongly phrased warning.

Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.

 * "git diff-tree" has been taught to take advantage of the
   sparse-index feature.

 * Clang's sanitizer implementation seems to work better than GCC's.
   (merge d88d727143 jk/ci-use-clang-for-sanitizer-jobs later to maint).

 * The object traversal using reachability bitmap done by
   "pack-object" has been tweaked to take advantage of the fact that
   using "boundary" commits as representative of all the uninteresting
   ones can save quite a lot of object enumeration.

 * discover_git_directory() no longer touches the_repository.

 * "git worktree" learned to work better with sparse index feature.

 * When the external merge driver is killed by a signal, its output
   should not be trusted as a resolution with conflicts that is
   proposed by the driver, but the code did.

 * The set-up code for the get_revision() API now allows feeding
   options like --all and --not in the --stdin mode.

 * Move functions that are not about pure string manipulation out of
   strbuf.[ch]

 * "imap-send" codepaths got cleaned up to get rid of unused
   parameters.

 * Enumerating refs in the packed-refs file, while excluding refs that
   match certain patterns, has been optimized.

 * Mark-up unused parameters in the code so that we can eventually
   enable -Wunused-parameter by default.

 * Instead of inventing a custom counter variables for debugging,
   use existing trace2 facility in the fsync customization codepath.

 * "git branch --list --format=<format>" and friends are taught
   a new "%(describe)" placeholder.

 * Clarify how to choose the starting point for a new topic in
   developer guidance document.

 * The implementation of "get_sha1_hex()" that reads a hexadecimal
   string that spells a full object name has been extended to cope
   with any hash function used in the repository, but the "sha1" in
   its name survived.  Rename it to get_hash_hex(), a name that is
   more consistent within its friends like get_hash_hex_algop().

 * Command line parser fix, and a small parse-options API update.

Fixes since v2.41
-----------------

 * "git tag" learned to leave the "$GIT_DIR/TAG_EDITMSG" \ 
file when the
   command failed, so that the user can salvage what they typed.
   (merge 08c12ec1d0 kh/keep-tag-editmsg-upon-failure later to maint).

 * The "-s" (silent, squelch) option of the "diff" family of \ 
commands
   did not interact with other options that specify the output format
   well.  This has been cleaned up so that it will clear all the
   formatting options given before.
   (merge 9d484b92ed jc/diff-s-with-other-options later to maint).

 * Update documentation regarding Coccinelle patches.
   (merge 3bd0097cfc gc/doc-cocci-updates later to maint).

 * Some atoms that can be used in "--format=<format>" for \ 
"git ls-tree"
   were not supported by "git ls-files", even though they were relevant
   in the context of the latter.
   (merge 4d28c4f75f zh/ls-files-format-atoms later to maint).

 * Document more pseudo-refs and teach the command line completion
   machinery to complete AUTO_MERGE.
   (merge 982ff3a649 pb/complete-and-document-auto-merge-and-friends later to maint).

 * "git submodule" code trusted the data coming from the config (and
   the in-tree .gitmodules file) too much without validating, leading
   to NULL dereference if the user mucks with a repository (e.g.
   submodule.<name>.url is removed).  This has been corrected.
   (merge fbc806acd1 tb/submodule-null-deref-fix later to maint).

 * The value of config.worktree is per-repository, but has been kept
   in a singleton global variable per process. This has been OK as
   most Git operations interacted with a single repository at a time,
   but not right for operations like recursive "grep" that want to
   access multiple repositories from a single process without forking.

   The global variable has been eliminated and made into a member in
   the per-repository data structure.
   (merge 3867f6d650 vd/worktree-config-is-per-repository later to maint).

 * "git [-c log.follow=true] log [--follow] ':(glob)f**'" used to barf.
   (merge 8260bc5902 jk/log-follow-with-non-literal-pathspec later to maint).

 * Introduce a mechanism to disable replace refs globally and per
   repository.
   (merge 9c7d1b057f ds/disable-replace-refs later to maint).

 * "git cat-file --batch" and friends learned "-Z" that uses NUL
   delimiter for both input and output.
   (merge f79e18849b ps/cat-file-null-output later to maint).

 * The reimplemented "git add -i" did not honor color.ui configuration.
   (merge 6f74648cea ds/add-i-color-configuration-fix later to maint).

 * Compilation fix for platforms without D_TYPE in struct dirent.
   (merge 03bf92b9bf as/dtype-compilation-fix later to maint).

 * Suggest to refrain from using hex literals that are non-portable
   when writing printf(1) format strings.
   (merge f0b68f0546 jt/doc-use-octal-with-printf later to maint).

 * Simplify error message when run-command fails to start a command.
   (merge 6d224ac286 rs/run-command-exec-error-on-noent later to maint).

 * Gracefully deal with a stale MIDX file that lists a packfile that
   no longer exists.
   (merge 06f3867865 tb/open-midx-bitmap-fallback later to maint).

 * Even when diff.ignoreSubmodules tells us to ignore submodule
   changes, "git commit" with an index that already records changes to
   submodules should include the submodule changes in the resulting
   commit, but it did not.
   (merge 5768478edc js/defeat-ignore-submodules-config-with-explicit-addition \ 
later to maint).

 * When "git commit --trailer=..." invokes the interpret-trailers
   machinery, it knows what it feeds to interpret-trailers is a full
   log message without any patch, but failed to express that by
   passing the "--no-divider" option, which has been corrected.
   (merge be3d654343 jk/commit-use-no-divider-with-interpret-trailers later to \ 
maint).

 * Avoid breakage of "git pack-objects --cruft" due to inconsistency
   between the way the code enumerates packfiles in the repository.
   (merge 73320e49ad tb/collect-pack-filenames-fix later to maint).

 * We create .pack and then .idx, we consider only packfiles that have
   .idx usable (those with only .pack are not ready yet), so we should
   remove .idx before removing .pack for consistency.
   (merge 0dd1324a73 ds/remove-idx-before-pack later to maint).

 * Partially revert a sanity check that the rest of the config code
   was not ready, to avoid triggering it in a corner case.
   (merge a53f43f900 gc/config-partial-submodule-kvi-fix later to maint).

 * "git apply" punts when it is fed too large a patch input; the error
   message it gives when it happens has been clarified.
   (merge 42612e18d2 pw/apply-too-large later to maint).

 * During a cherry-pick or revert session that works on multiple
   commits, "git status" did not give correct information, which has
   been corrected.
   (merge a096a889f4 jk/cherry-pick-revert-status later to maint).

 * A few places failed to differentiate the case where the index is
   truly empty (nothing added) and we haven't yet read from the
   on-disk index file, which have been corrected.
   (merge 2ee045eea1 js/empty-index-fixes later to maint).

 * "git bugreport" tests did not test what it wanted to test, which
   has been corrected.
   (merge 1aa92b8500 ma/t0091-fixup later to maint).

 * Code snippets in a tutorial document no longer compiled after
   recent header shuffling, which have been corrected.
   (merge bbd7c7b7c0 vd/adjust-mfow-doc-to-updated-headers later to maint).

 * "git ls-files '(attr:X)D/'" that triggers the common prefix
   optimization codepath failed to read from "D/.gitattributes",
   which has been corrected.
   (merge f4a8fde057 jc/pathspec-match-with-common-prefix later to maint).

 * "git fsck --no-progress" still spewed noise from the commit-graph
   subsystem, which has been corrected.
   (merge 9281cd07f0 tb/fsck-no-progress later to maint).

 * Various offset computation in the code that accesses the packfiles
   and other data in the object layer has been hardened against
   arithmetic overflow, especially on 32-bit systems.
   (merge 9a25cad7e0 tb/object-access-overflow-protection later to maint).

 * Names of MinGW header files are spelled in mixed case in some
   source files, but the build host can be using case sensitive
   filesystem with header files with their name spelled in all
   lowercase.
   (merge 4a53d0d0bc mh/mingw-case-sensitive-build later to maint).

 * Update message mark-up for i18n in "git bundle".
   (merge bbb6acd998 dk/bundle-i18n-more later to maint).

 * "git tag --list --points-at X" showed tags that directly refers to
   object X, but did not list a tag that points at such a tag, which
   has been corrected.

 * "./configure --with-expat=no" did not work as a way to refuse use
   of the expat library on a system with the library installed, which
   has been corrected.
   (merge fb8f7269c2 ah/autoconf-fixes later to maint).

 * When the user edits "rebase -i" todo file so that it starts with a
   "fixup", which would make it invalid, the command truncated the
   rest of the file before giving an error and returning the control
   back to the user.  Stop truncating to make it easier to correct
   such a malformed todo file.
   (merge 9645a087c2 ah/sequencer-rewrite-todo-fix later to maint).

 * Rewrite the description of giving a custom command to the
   submodule.<name>.update configuration variable.
   (merge 7cebc5bd78 pv/doc-submodule-update-settings later to maint).

 * Adjust to OpenSSL 3+, which deprecates its SHA-1 functions based on
   its traditional API, by using its EVP API instead.
   (merge bda9c12073 ew/hash-with-openssl-evp later to maint).

 * Exclude "." from the set of characters to be removed from the
   beginning and the end of the human-readable name.
   (merge 1c04cb0744 bc/ident-dot-is-no-longer-crud-letter later to maint).

 * "git bisect visualize" stopped running "gitk" on Git for \ 
Windows
   when the command was reimplemented in C around Git 2.34 timeframe.
   This has been corrected.
   (merge fff1594fa7 ma/locate-in-path-for-windows later to maint).

 * "git rebase -i" with a series of squash/fixup, when one of the
   steps stopped in conflicts and ended up getting skipped, did not
   handle the accumulated commit log messages, which has been
   corrected.
   (merge 6ce7afe163 pw/rebase-skip-commit-message-fix later to maint).

 * Adjust to newer Term::ReadLine to prevent it from breaking
   the interactive prompt code in send-email.
   (merge c016726c2d jk/send-email-with-new-readline later to maint).

 * Windows updates.
   (merge 0050f8e401 ds/maintenance-on-windows-fix later to maint).

 * Correct use of lstat() that assumed a failing call would not
   clobber the statbuf.
   (merge 72695d8214 st/mv-lstat-fix later to maint).

 * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
   (merge 51f9d2e563 sa/doc-ls-remote later to maint).
   (merge c6d26a9dda jk/format-patch-message-id-unleak later to maint).
   (merge f7e063f326 ps/fetch-cleanups later to maint).
   (merge e4cf013468 tl/quote-problematic-arg-for-clarity later to maint).
   (merge 20025fdfc7 tz/test-ssh-verifytime-fix later to maint).
   (merge e48a21df65 tz/test-fix-pthreads-prereq later to maint).
   (merge 68b51172e3 mh/commit-reach-get-reachable-plug-leak later to maint).
   (merge aeee1408ce kh/use-default-notes-doc later to maint).
   (merge 3b8724bce6 jc/test-modernization later to maint).
   (merge 447a3b7331 jc/test-modernization-2 later to maint).
   (merge d57fa7fc73 la/doc-interpret-trailers later to maint).
   (merge 548afb0d9a la/docs-typofixes later to maint).
   (merge 3744ffcbcd rs/doc-ls-tree-hex-literal later to maint).
   (merge 6c26da8404 mh/credential-erase-improvements later to maint).
   (merge 78e56cff69 tz/lib-gpg-prereq-fix later to maint).
   (merge 80d32e84b5 rj/leakfixes later to maint).
   (merge 0a868031ed pb/complete-diff-options later to maint).
   (merge d4f28279ad jc/doc-hash-object-types later to maint).
   (merge 1876a5ae15 ks/t4205-test-describe-with-abbrev-fix later to maint).
   (merge 6e6a529b57 jk/fsck-indices-in-worktrees later to maint).
   (merge 3e81b896f7 rs/packet-length-simplify later to maint).
   (merge 4c9cb51fe7 mh/doc-credential-helpers later to maint).
   (merge 3437f549dd jr/gitignore-doc-example-markup later to maint).
   (merge 947ebd62a0 jc/am-parseopt-fix later to maint).
   (merge e12cb98e1e jc/branch-parseopt-fix later to maint).
   (merge d6f598e443 jc/gitignore-doc-pattern-markup later to maint).
   (merge a2dad4868b jc/transport-parseopt-fix later to maint).
   (merge 68cbb20e73 jc/parse-options-show-branch later to maint).
   (merge 3821eb6c3d jc/parse-options-reset later to maint).
   (merge c48af99a3e bb/trace2-comment-fix later to maint).
   (merge c95ae3ff9c rs/describe-parseopt-fix later to maint).
   (merge 36f76d2a25 rs/pack-objects-parseopt-fix later to maint).
   (merge 30c8c55cbf jc/tree-walk-drop-base-offset later to maint).
   (merge d089a06421 rs/bundle-parseopt-cleanup later to maint).
   (merge 823839bda1 ew/sha256-gcrypt-leak-fixes later to maint).
   (merge a5c01603b3 bc/ignore-clangd-cache later to maint).
   (merge 12009a182b js/allow-t4000-to-be-indented-with-spaces later to maint).
   (merge b3dcd24b8a jc/send-email-pre-process-fix later to maint).

Log message:
git: Split Perl-dependent scripts into new git-perlscripts package.

This way:
- devel/git still installs everything it used to.
- devel/git-base can be built without Perl.

Log message:
git: updated to 2.41.0

Git v2.41 Release Notes
=======================

UI, Workflows & Features

 * Allow information carried on the WWW-Authenticate header to be
   passed to the credential helpers.

 * A new "fetch.hideRefs" option can be used to exclude specified refs
   from "rev-list --objects --stdin --not --all" traversal for
   checking object connectivity, most useful when there are many
   unrelated histories in a single repository.

 * "git push" has been taught to allow deletion of refs with one-level
   names to help repairing a repository who acquired such a ref by
   mistake.  In general, we don't encourage use of such a ref, and
   creation or update to such a ref is rejected as before.

 * Allow "git bisect reset" to check out the original branch when the
   branch is already checked out in a different worktree linked to the
   same repository.

 * A few subcommands have been taught to stop users from working on a
   branch that is being used in another worktree linked to the same
   repository.

 * "git format-patch" learned to write a log-message only output file
   for empty commits.

 * "git format-patch" honors the src/dst prefixes set to nonstandard
   values with configuration variables like "diff.noprefix", causing
   receiving end of the patch that expects the standard -p1 format to
   break.  "format-patch" has been taught to ignore end-user configuration
   and always use the standard prefixes.

   This is a backward compatibility breaking change.

 * Lift the limitation that colored prompts can only be used with
   PROMPT_COMMAND mode.

 * "git blame --contents=<file> <rev> -- <path>" \ 
used to be forbidden,
   but now it finds the origins of lines starting at <file> contents
   through the history that leads to <rev>.

 * "git pack-redundant" gave a warning when run, as the command has
   outlived its usefulness long ago and is nominated for future
   removal.  Now we escalate to give an error.

 * "git clone" from an empty repository learned to propagate the
   choice of the hash algorithm from the source repository to the
   newly created repository over any one of the v0/v1/v2 protocol.

 * "git mergetool" and "git difftool" learns a new configuration
   guiDefault to optionally favor configured guitool over non-gui-tool
   automatically when $DISPLAY is set.

 * "git branch -d origin/master" would say "no such branch", \ 
but it is
   likely a missed "-r" if refs/remotes/origin/master exists.  The
   command has been taught to give such a hint in its error message.

 * Clean-up of the code path that deals with merge strategy option
   handling in "git rebase".

 * "git clone --local" stops copying from an original repository that
   has symbolic links inside its $GIT_DIR; an error message when that
   happens has been updated.

 * The "--format=..." option of "git for-each-ref", \ 
"git branch", and
   "git tag" commands learn "--omit-empty" to hide refs whose
   formatting results in an empty string from the output.

 * The sendemail-validate validate hook learned to pass the total
   number of input files and where in the sequence each invocation is
   via environment variables.

 * When "gc" needs to retain unreachable objects, packing them into
   cruft packs (instead of exploding them into loose object files) has
   been offered as a more efficient option for some time.  Now the use
   of cruft packs has been made the default and no longer considered
   an experimental feature.

 * The output given by "git blame" that attributes a line to contents
   taken from the file specified by the "--contents" option shows it
   differently from a line attributed to the working tree file.

 * "git send-email" learned to give the e-mail headers to the validate
   hook by passing an extra argument from the command line.

 * The credential subsystem learns to help OAuth framework.

 * The titles of manual pages used to be chomped at an unreasonably
   short limit, which has been removed.

 * Error messages given when working on an unborn branch that is
   checked out in another worktree have been improved.

 * The documentation was misleading about the interaction between
   GIT_DEFAULT_HASH and "git clone", which has been clarified to
   stress that the variable is to be ignored by the command.

 * "git send-email" learned "--header-cmd=<cmd>" that \ 
can inject
   arbitrary e-mail header lines to the outgoing messages.

 * "git fsck" learned to detect bit-flip breakages in the reachability
   bitmap files.

 * The "--stdin" option of "git name-rev" has been replaced with
   the "--annotate-stdin" option more than a year ago.  We stop
   advertising it in the "git name-rev -h" output.

 * "git push --all" gained an alias "git push --branches".

 * "git fetch" learned the "--porcelain" option that emits \ 
what it did
   in a machine-parseable format.

 * "git --attr-source=<tree> cmd $args" is a new way to have any
   command to read attributes not from the working tree but from the
   given tree object.

Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.

 * Code clean-up to clarify directory traversal API.

 * Code clean-up to clarify the rule that "git-compat-util.h" must be
   the first to be included.

 * More work towards -Wunused.

 * Instead of forcing each command to choose to honor GPG related
   configuration variables, make the subsystem lazily initialize
   itself.

 * Remove workaround for ancient versions of DocBook to make it work
   correctly with groff, which has not been necessary since docbook
   1.76 from 2010.

 * Code clean-up to include and/or uninclude parse-options.h file as
   needed.

 * The code path that reports what "git fetch" did to each ref has
   been cleaned up.

 * Assorted config API updates.

 * A few configuration variables to tell the cURL library that
   different types of ssl-cert and ssl-key are in use have been added.

 * Split key function and data structure definitions out of cache.h to
   new header files and adjust the users.

 * "git fetch --all" does not have to download and handle the same
   bundleURI over and over, which has been corrected.

 * "git sparse-checkout" command learns a debugging aid for the sparse
   rule definitions.

 * "git write-tree" learns to work better with sparse-index.

 * The on-disk reverse index that allows mapping from the pack offset
   to the object name for the object stored at the offset has been
   enabled by default.

 * "git fsck" learned to validate the on-disk pack reverse index files.

 * strtok() and strtok_r() are banned in this codebase.

 * The detect-compilers script to help auto-tweaking the build system
   had trouble working with compilers whose version number has extra
   suffixes.  The script has been taught that certain suffixes (like
   "-win32" in "gcc 10-win32") can be safely stripped as \ 
they share
   the same features and bugs with the version without the suffix.

 * ctype tests have been taught to test EOF, too.

 * The implementation of credential helpers used fgets() over fixed
   size buffers to read protocol messages, causing the remainder of
   the folded long line to trigger unexpected behaviour, which has
   been corrected.

 * The implementation of the default "negotiator", used to find common
   ancestor over the network for object tranfer, used to be recursive;
   it was updated to be iterative to conserve stackspace usage.

 * Our custom callout formatter is no longer used in the documentation
   formatting toolchain, as the upstream default ones give better
   output these days.

 * The tracing mechanism learned to notice and report when
   auto-discovered bare repositories are being used, as allowing so
   without explicitly stating the user intends to do so (with setting
   GIT_DIR for example) can be used with social engineering as an
   attack vector.

 * "git diff-files" learned not to expand sparse-index unless needed.

Fixes since v2.40
-----------------

 * "git fsck" learned to check the index files in other worktrees,
   just like "git gc" honors them as anchoring points.
   (merge 8d3e7eac52 jk/fsck-indices-in-worktrees later to maint).

 * Fix a segfaulting loop.  The function and its caller may need
   further clean-up.
   (merge c5773dc078 ew/commit-reach-clean-up-flags-fix later to maint).

 * "git restore" supports options like "--ours" that are only
   meaningful during a conflicted merge, but these options are only
   meaningful when updating the working tree files.  These options are
   marked to be incompatible when both "--staged" and \ 
"--worktree" are
   in effect.
   (merge ee8a88826a ak/restore-both-incompatible-with-conflicts later to maint).

 * Simplify UI to control progress meter given by "git bundle" command.
   (merge 8b95521edb jk/bundle-progress later to maint).

 * "git bundle" learned that "-" is a common way to say that \ 
the input
   comes from the standard input and/or the output goes to the
   standard output.  It used to work only for output and only from the
   root level of the working tree.
   (merge 0bbe10313e jk/bundle-use-dash-for-stdfiles later to maint).

 * Once we start running, we assumed that the list of alternate object
   databases would never change.  Hook into the machinery used to
   update the list of packfiles during runtime to update this list as
   well.
   (merge e2d003dbed ds/reprepare-alternates-when-repreparing-packfiles later to \ 
maint).

 * The code to parse "git rebase -X<opt>" was not prepared to see an
   unparsable option string, which has been corrected.
   (merge 15a4cc912e ab/fix-strategy-opts-parsing later to maint).

 * "git add -p" while the index is unmerged sometimes failed to parse
   the diff output it internally produces and died, which has been
   corrected.
   (merge 28d1122f9c jk/add-p-unmerged-fix later to maint).

 * Fix for a "ls-files --format="%(path)" that produced nonsense
   output, which was a bug in 2.38.
   (merge cfb62dd006 aj/ls-files-format-fix later to maint).

 * "git receive-pack" that responds to "git push" requests \ 
failed to
   clean a stale lockfile when killed in the middle, which has been
   corrected.
   (merge c55c30669c ps/receive-pack-unlock-before-die later to maint).

 * "git rev-parse --quiet foo@{u}", or anything that asks @{u} to be
   parsed with GET_OID_QUIETLY option, did not quietly fail, which has
   been corrected.
   (merge dfbfdc521d fc/oid-quietly-parse-upstream later to maint).

 * Transports that do not support protocol v2 did not correctly fall
   back to protocol v0 under certain conditions, which has been
   corrected.
   (merge eaa0fd6584 jk/fix-proto-downgrade-to-v0 later to maint).

 * time(2) on glib 2.31+, especially on Linux, goes out of sync with
   higher resolution timers used for gettimeofday(2) and by the
   filesystem.  Replace all calls to it with a git_time() wrapper and
   (merge 370ddcbc89 pe/time-use-gettimeofday later to maint).

 * Code clean-up to use designated initializers in parse-options API.
   (merge 353e6d4554 sg/parse-options-h-initializers later to maint).

 * A recent-ish change to allow unicode character classes to be used
   with "grep -P" triggered a JIT bug in older pcre2 libraries.
   The problematic change in Git built with these older libraries has
   been disabled to work around the bug.
   (merge 14b9a04479 mk/workaround-pcre-jit-ucp-bug later to maint).

 * The wildmatch library code unlearns exponential behaviour it
   acquired some time ago since it was borrowed from rsync.
   (merge 3dc0b7f0dc pw/wildmatch-fixes later to maint).

 * The index files can become corrupt under certain conditions when
   the split-index feature is in use, especially together with
   fsmonitor, which have been corrected.
   (merge 061dd722dc js/split-index-fixes later to maint).

 * Document what the pathname-looking strings in "rev-list --object"
   output are for and what they mean.
   (merge 15364d2a3c jk/document-rev-list-object-name later to maint).

 * Fix unnecessary truncation of generation numbers used in-core.
   (merge d3af1c193d ps/ahead-behind-truncation-fix later to maint).

 * Code clean-up around the use of the_repository.
   (merge 4a93b899c1 ab/remove-implicit-use-of-the-repository later to maint).

 * Consistently spell "Message-ID" as such, not "Message-Id".
   (merge ba4324c4e1 jc/spell-id-in-both-caps-in-message-id later to maint).

 * Correct use of an uninitialized structure member.
   (merge dc12ee77ab jx/cap-object-info-uninitialized-fix later to maint).

 * Tests had a few places where we ignored PERL_PATH and blindly used
   /usr/bin/perl, which have been corrected.
   (merge c1917156a0 jk/use-perl-path-consistently later to maint).

 * Documentation mark-up fix.
   (merge 78b6369e67 la/mfc-markup-fix later to maint).

 * Doc toolchain update to remove old workaround for AsciiDoc.
   (merge 8806120de6 fc/remove-header-workarounds-for-asciidoc later to maint).

 * The userdiff regexp patterns for various filetypes that are built
   into the system have been updated to avoid triggering regexp errors
   from UTF-8 aware regex engines.
   (merge be39144954 rs/userdiff-multibyte-regex later to maint).

 * The approxidate() API has been simplified by losing an extra
   function that did the same thing as another one.
   (merge 8a7f0b666f rs/remove-approxidate-relative later to maint).

 * Code clean-up to replace a hardcoded constant with a CPP macro.
   (merge c870de6502 rs/get-tar-commit-id-use-defined-const later to maint).

 * Doc build simplification.
   (merge 9a09ed3229 fc/doc-stop-using-manversion later to maint).

 * "git archive" run from a subdirectory mishandled attributes and
   paths outside the current directory.
   (merge 92b1dd1b9e rs/archive-from-subdirectory-fixes later to maint).

 * The code to parse capability list for v0 on-wire protocol fell into
   an infinite loop when a capability appears multiple times, which
   has been corrected.

 * Geometric repacking ("git repack --geometric=<n>") in a repository
   that borrows from an alternate object database had various corner
   case bugs, which have been corrected.
   (merge d85cd18777 ps/fix-geom-repack-with-alternates later to maint).

 * The "%GT" placeholder for the "--format" option of \ 
"git log" and
   friends caused BUG() to trigger on a commit signed with an unknown
   key, which has been corrected.
   (merge 7891e46585 jk/gpg-trust-level-fix later to maint).

 * The completion script used to use bare "read" without the "-r"
   option to read the contents of various state files, which risked
   getting confused with backslashes in them.  This has been
   corrected.
   (merge 197152098a ek/completion-use-read-r-to-read-literally later to maint).

 * A small API fix to the ort merge strategy backend.
   (merge 000c4ceca7 en/ort-finalize-after-0-merges-fix later to maint).

 * The commit object parser has been taught to be a bit more lenient
   to parse timestamps on the author/committer line with a malformed
   author/committer ident.
   (merge 90ef0f14eb jk/parse-commit-with-malformed-ident later to maint).

 * Retitle a test script with an overly narrow name.
   (merge 8bb19c14fb ob/t3501-retitle later to maint).

 * Doc update to clarify how text and eol attributes interact to
   specify the end-of-line conversion.
   (merge 6696077ace ah/doc-attributes-text later to maint).

 * Gitk updates from GfW project.
   (merge 99e70f3077 js/gitk-fixes-from-gfw later to maint).

 * "git diff --dirstat" leaked memory, which has been plugged.
   (merge 83973981eb jc/dirstat-plug-leaks later to maint).

 * "git merge-tree" reads the basic configuration, which can be used
    by git forges to disable replace-refs feature.
   (merge b6551feadf ds/merge-tree-use-config later to maint).

 * A few bugs in the sequencer machinery that results in miscounting
   the steps have been corrected.
   (merge 170eea9750 js/rebase-count-fixes later to maint).

 * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
   (merge f7111175df as/doc-markup-fix later to maint).
   (merge 90ff7c9898 fc/test-aggregation-clean-up later to maint).
   (merge 9b0c7f308a jc/am-doc-refer-to-format-patch later to maint).
   (merge b10cbdac4c bb/unicode-width-table-15 later to maint).
   (merge 3457b50e8c ab/retire-scripted-add-p later to maint).
   (merge d52fcf493b ds/p2000-fix-grep-sparse later to maint).
   (merge ec063d2591 ss/hashmap-typofix later to maint).
   (merge 1aaed69d11 rs/archive-mtime later to maint).
   (merge 2da2cc9b28 ob/rollback-after-commit-lock-failure later to maint).
   (merge 54dbd0933b ob/sequencer-save-head-simplify later to maint).
   (merge a93cbe8d78 ar/test-cleanup-unused-file-creation later to maint).
   (merge cc48ddd937 jk/chainlint-fixes later to maint).
   (merge 4833b08426 ow/ref-format-remove-unused-member later to maint).
   (merge d0ea2ca1cf dw/doc-submittingpatches-grammofix later to maint).
   (merge fd72637423 ar/t2024-checkout-output-fix later to maint).
   (merge d45cbe3fe0 ob/sequencer-i18n-fix later to maint).
   (merge b734fe49fd ob/messages-capitalize-exception later to maint).
   (merge ad353d7e77 ma/gittutorial-fixes later to maint).
   (merge a5855fd8d4 ar/test-cleanup-unused-file-creation-part2 later to maint).
   (merge 0c5308af30 sd/doc-gitignore-and-rm-cached later to maint).
   (merge cbb83daeaf kh/doc-interpret-trailers-updates later to maint).
   (merge 3d77fbb664 ar/config-count-tests-updates later to maint).
   (merge b7cf25c8f4 jc/t9800-fix-use-of-show-s-raw later to maint).